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Research, Nature; Goodey, Greg (2021): State of Open Data Survey 2021 additional resources. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17081231.v1

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Screener

Q2.1 To provide a little more context for your later responses we would first like to understand a little about your research and attitudes towards open science. When was the last occasion that you published or submitted a manuscript to a journal?

Survey Q2.1 n Pct
2019 Within the last year 4597 0.806
2020 Within the last year 4001 0.809
2021 Within the last year 3718 0.828
2019 1-2 years ago 742 0.130
2020 1-2 years ago 602 0.122
2021 1-2 years ago 509 0.113
2019 3-5 years ago 361 0.063
2020 3-5 years ago 342 0.069
2021 3-5 years ago 264 0.059

Q2.3 In which year was your first peer-reviewed research article published?

Q2.3 n Pct
2 2019 809 0.051
3 2018 636 0.040
4 2017 602 0.038
5 2015 600 0.038
6 2012 566 0.036
7 2016 552 0.035
8 2014 538 0.034
9 2013 514 0.032
10 2010 511 0.032
11 2011 471 0.030
12 2009 463 0.029
13 2008 458 0.029
14 2005 423 0.027
15 2006 396 0.025
16 2007 395 0.025
17 2004 368 0.023
18 2003 362 0.023
19 2000 346 0.022
20 1998 339 0.021
21 2001 334 0.021
22 2021 334 0.021
23 2002 328 0.021
24 1999 307 0.019
25 2020 303 0.019
26 1996 280 0.018
27 1997 278 0.017
28 1992 274 0.017
30 1995 254 0.016
31 1994 252 0.016
32 1991 251 0.016
33 1990 236 0.015
34 1993 228 0.014
35 1989 223 0.014
36 1985 208 0.013
37 1987 200 0.013
38 1986 198 0.012
39 1988 192 0.012
40 1984 179 0.011
41 1983 152 0.010
42 1982 140 0.009
43 1980 138 0.009
44 1978 137 0.009
45 1981 130 0.008
46 1979 120 0.008
47 1976 105 0.007
48 1974 82 0.005
49 1975 81 0.005
50 1977 81 0.005
51 1973 73 0.005
52 1971 68 0.004
53 1972 68 0.004
54 1969 57 0.004
55 1970 50 0.003
56 1965 35 0.002
57 1967 32 0.002
58 1968 26 0.002
59 1964 24 0.002
60 1966 23 0.001
61 1963 20 0.001
62 1962 17 0.001
63 1961 15 0.001
64 1960 14 0.001
65 1957 9 0.001
66 1959 9 0.001
67 1958 6 0.000
68 1955 4 0.000
69 1950 3 0.000
70 1954 2 0.000
71 1951 1 0.000
72 1956 1 0.000

Q2.4 Which of the following best describes your primary area of interest?

Survey Q2.4 n Pct
2020 Medicine 1185 0.242
2019 Medicine 1048 0.187
2020 Biology 945 0.193
2019 Biology 925 0.165
2019 Other (please specify) 917 0.164
2021 Medicine 897 0.200
2021 Other (please specify) 849 0.189
2021 Biology 820 0.183
2020 Other (please specify) 758 0.155
2019 Engineering 669 0.120
2019 Social Sciences 633 0.113
2021 Engineering 530 0.118
2019 Earth and Environmental Science 498 0.089
2020 Engineering 491 0.100
2020 Social Sciences 423 0.086
2021 Social Sciences 422 0.094
2016 Biology 402 0.280
2020 Earth and Environmental Science 369 0.075
2021 Earth and Environmental Science 333 0.074
2019 Physics 242 0.043
2018 Biology 229 0.199
2016 Medicine 227 0.158
2019 Chemistry 208 0.037
2020 Physics 184 0.038
2021 Physics 183 0.041
2018 Other (please specify) 179 0.156
2020 Chemistry 172 0.035
2018 Medicine 169 0.147
2018 Social Sciences 167 0.145
2016 Other (please specify) 162 0.113
2021 Chemistry 156 0.035
2020 Materials Science 146 0.030
2019 Arts and Humanities 139 0.025
2016 Engineering 135 0.094
2019 Materials Science 133 0.024
2021 Materials Science 128 0.029
2016 Social Sciences 123 0.086
2018 Earth and Environmental Science 119 0.103
2020 Arts and Humanities 114 0.023
2016 Earth and Environmental Science 110 0.077
2019 Business/Investment 109 0.019
2016 Physics 88 0.061
2021 Arts and Humanities 84 0.019
2018 Engineering 81 0.070
2017 Biology 77 0.298
2019 Astronomy and planetary science 71 0.013
2020 Business/Investment 70 0.014
2016 Chemistry 65 0.045
2016 Materials Science 51 0.036
2021 Business/Investment 49 0.011
2018 Chemistry 48 0.042
2020 Astronomy and planetary science 46 0.009
2017 Other (please specify) 45 0.174
2016 Arts and Humanities 44 0.031
2018 Arts and Humanities 44 0.038
2018 Materials Science 44 0.038
2021 Astronomy and planetary science 40 0.009
2017 Earth and Environmental Science 33 0.128
2018 Business/Investment 30 0.026
2017 Social Sciences 29 0.112
2018 Physics 29 0.025
2017 Medicine 27 0.105
2017 Engineering 24 0.093
2016 Astronomy and planetary science 15 0.010
2016 Business/Investment 14 0.010
2018 Astronomy and planetary science 11 0.010
2017 Arts and Humanities 8 0.031
2017 Physics 6 0.023
2017 Chemistry 4 0.016
2017 Materials Science 3 0.012
2017 Astronomy and planetary science 1 0.004
2017 Business/Investment 1 0.004

Q2.6 Does any of your current research involve collaboration with others? (Please select all that apply)

Q2.6 n Pct
Yes, within my institution 4980 0.239
Yes, within my country 5483 0.263
Yes, internationally 8630 0.413
No 1666 0.080
I don’t know 113 0.005

Q2.7_1 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Making research articles open access should be common scholarly practice

Survey Q2.7_1 n Pct
2021 Strongly agree 3019 0.672
2021 Somewhat agree 916 0.204
2021 Neutral 351 0.078
2021 Somewhat disagree 106 0.024
2021 Strongly disagree 99 0.022

Q2.7_2 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Making research data openly available should be common scholarly practice (2)

Survey Q2.7_2 n Pct
2021 Strongly agree 2358 0.525
2021 Somewhat agree 1275 0.284
2021 Neutral 521 0.116
2021 Somewhat disagree 229 0.051
2021 Strongly disagree 108 0.024

Q2.7_3 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Making all research outputs openly available should be common scholarly practices (3)

Survey Q2.7_3 n Pct
2021 Strongly agree 2205 0.491
2021 Somewhat agree 1314 0.293
2021 Neutral 575 0.128
2021 Somewhat disagree 260 0.058
2021 Strongly disagree 137 0.031

Q2.8 How familiar are you with the FAIR data principles in relation to open data?

Survey Q2.8 n Pct
2019 I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now 3089 0.542
2020 I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now 1950 0.394
2020 I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them 1789 0.362
2021 I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them 1721 0.383
2019 I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them 1585 0.278
2021 I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now 1515 0.337
2021 I am familiar with the FAIR principles 1255 0.279
2020 I am familiar with the FAIR principles 1206 0.244
2019 I am familiar with the FAIR principles 1026 0.180
2018 I have never heard of the FAIR principles before now 739 0.596
2018 I have previously heard of the FAIR principles but I am not familiar with them 312 0.252
2018 I am familiar with the FAIR principles 188 0.152

Data Sharing Practices

Q3.1 About your research data.
Do you curate/prepare your data for sharing during or shortly after the data collection process either privately or publicly?

Survey Q3.1 n Pct
2020 Yes, some 1836 0.371
2019 Yes, all data 1321 0.232
2019 Yes, some 1306 0.229
2021 Yes, some 1185 0.264
2019 No, it’s not important with our data 1034 0.181
2021 Yes, all data 947 0.211
2020 Yes, all data 917 0.185
2017 Yes, some 834 0.330
2020 Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond 771 0.156
2021 Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond 750 0.167
2019 No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to 676 0.119
2019 Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond 550 0.096
2019 Yes, but only data shared publicly 549 0.096
2021 Yes, but only data shared publicly 537 0.120
2021 No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to 504 0.112
2020 Yes, but only data shared publicly 489 0.099
2020 No, it’s not important with our data 465 0.094
2017 Yes, all data 453 0.179
2018 Yes, some 417 0.337
2020 No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to 360 0.073
2017 Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond 357 0.141
2021 No, it’s not important with our data 352 0.078
2017 No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to 298 0.118
2017 No, it’s not important with our data 273 0.108
2019 No, other (please specify) 264 0.046
2021 No, other (please specify) 216 0.048
2017 Yes, but only data shared publicly 214 0.085
2018 Yes, all data 188 0.152
2018 Yes, but only data shared with colleagues or beyond 185 0.149
2018 No, we don’t have the resource to do this but would like to 152 0.123
2018 No, it’s not important with our data 124 0.100
2018 Yes, but only data shared publicly 123 0.099
2020 No, other (please specify) 107 0.022
2017 No, other (please specify) 95 0.038
2018 No, other (please specify) 49 0.040

Q3.2 Have you created a data management plan for your current research? (Please select all that apply)

Q3.2 n Pct
Yes, it was a requirement of my current funder 738 0.150
Yes, it was a requirement of my institution 839 0.171
Yes, it is a requirement of the journal I plan to submit to 475 0.097
Yes, but not as a result of any requirement 1270 0.258
No 1595 0.324

Q3.3 At which point during the research cycle, if at all, do you make your data available?

Survey Q3.3 n Pct
2021 On publication of the research 1370 0.305
2021 Upon request from others 968 0.216
2021 When submitting a research article 861 0.192
2021 When the research is complete 655 0.146
2021 I do not share my data beyond my immediate collaborators 435 0.097
2021 Immediately at the point when data is collected 202 0.045

Q3.4 How do you share your research data with a public audience? (Please select all that apply)

Q3.4 n Pct
Institutional repository 1979 0.378
Funder repository 603 0.115
External repository (e.g. Figshare, Zenodo) 1075 0.205
Blog / website 603 0.115
Cloud file sharing (e.g. Dropbox, Google Drive) 975 0.186

Q3.5 To what extent do you think you make your data open in compliance with FAIR?

Survey Q3.5 n Pct
2019 Neutral 1659 0.291
2019 Somewhat 1578 0.277
2020 Somewhat 1443 0.292
2021 Somewhat 1286 0.317
2019 Very much 1122 0.197
2020 I don’t know 996 0.201
2020 Neutral 919 0.186
2021 Very much 902 0.222
2020 Very much 851 0.172
2021 Neutral 728 0.179
2019 Not at all 726 0.127
2021 I don’t know 627 0.155
2019 Not very much 615 0.108
2020 Not very much 459 0.093
2021 Not very much 386 0.095
2018 Neutral 313 0.361
2020 Not at all 277 0.056
2018 Somewhat 249 0.287
2018 Very much 153 0.176
2021 Not at all 127 0.031
2018 Not very much 94 0.108
2018 Not at all 58 0.067

Q3.6 Do you know who meets the costs of making your research data openly accessible (e.g. resource for curation)?

Survey Q3.6 n Pct
2020 I don’t know 1418 0.287
2020 Funds identified in grant for this purpose 1296 0.262
2021 I don’t know 1169 0.288
2021 Your institution 1014 0.250
2017 I don’t know 866 0.358
2020 Your institution 864 0.175
2021 Own funds 855 0.211
2016 I don’t know 613 0.394
2020 Own funds 548 0.111
2020 Funder 510 0.103
2017 Funds identified in grant for this purpose 488 0.202
2021 Funds identified in grant for this purpose 416 0.103
2017 Your institution 381 0.158
2021 General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose 360 0.089
2016 Your institution 313 0.201
2020 General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose 309 0.062
2017 General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose 299 0.124
2017 Own funds 282 0.117
2016 Funds identified in grant for this purpose 267 0.172
2021 Your funder 242 0.060
2016 Own funds 166 0.107
2016 General grant funds i.e. not specifically allocated to this purpose 147 0.095
2017 Funder 100 0.041
2016 Funder 48 0.031

Q3.7 If you required help in making your research data openly available, which sources would you rely upon? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q3.7 n Pct
2016 Open data software provider 525 0.169
2017 Open data software provider 530 0.118
2018 Open data software provider 421 0.162
2019 Open data software provider 1324 0.132
2020 Open data software provider 1310 0.143
2021 Open data software provider 863 0.094
2016 Colleague 990 0.319
2017 Colleague 1224 0.273
2018 Colleague 557 0.214
2019 Colleague 1978 0.197
2020 Colleague 1721 0.187
2021 Colleague 1266 0.137
2016 Web-search 908 0.292
2017 Web-search 1047 0.233
2018 Web-search 650 0.250
2019 Web-search 1548 0.154
2020 Web-search 1553 0.169
2021 Web-search 957 0.104
2017 Library 690 0.154
2018 Library 428 0.165
2019 Library 1395 0.139
2020 Library 1263 0.137
2021 Library 1369 0.148
2016 Publisher 641 0.206
2017 Publisher 930 0.207
2018 Publisher 509 0.196
2019 Publisher 2433 0.242
2020 Publisher 2167 0.236
2021 Publisher 1534 0.166
2021 Funder 845 0.092
2019 Professional 3rd party 707 0.070
2020 Professional 3rd party 772 0.084
2021 Professional 3rd party 365 0.040
2021 Repository 1567 0.170
2016 Other 42 0.014
2017 Other 63 0.014
2018 Other 33 0.013
2019 Other 156 0.016
2020 Other 99 0.011
2021 Other 105 0.011
2019 I would not require help making my data openly available 518 0.051
2020 I would not require help making my data openly available 301 0.033
2021 I would not require help making my data openly available 352 0.038

Q3.8 How, if at all, do you monitor the use of data that you share publicly? (Please select all that apply)

Q3.8 n Pct
Citations 2274 0.382
Resolutions (i.e. frequency with which a unique identifier is clicked) 339 0.057
Downloads 1460 0.245
Altmetrics 562 0.094
Other (please specify) 96 0.016
I do not monitor the use of my data 1223 0.205

Q3.9 To what extent are you comfortable with others using your data for the following?: Q3.9_1 Replication studies (use of your data as a reference to determine whether they can be repeated under similar conditions)

Survey Q3.9_1 n Pct
2021 Extremely comfortable 2291 0.510
2021 Somewhat comfortable 1200 0.267
2021 Neutral 645 0.144
2021 Somewhat uncomfortable 167 0.037
2021 I don’t know 109 0.024
2021 Extremely uncomfortable 79 0.018

Q3.9_2 Reanalysis (using a different method to analyse your data set)

Survey Q3.9_2 n Pct
2021 Extremely comfortable 2124 0.473
2021 Somewhat comfortable 1306 0.291
2021 Neutral 718 0.160
2021 Somewhat uncomfortable 169 0.038
2021 I don’t know 99 0.022
2021 Extremely uncomfortable 75 0.017

Q3.9_3 Reinterpretation (using your data as is to answer another question)

Survey Q3.9_3 n Pct
2021 Extremely comfortable 2085 0.464
2021 Somewhat comfortable 1270 0.283
2021 Neutral 715 0.159
2021 Somewhat uncomfortable 236 0.053
2021 Extremely uncomfortable 93 0.021
2021 I don’t know 92 0.020

Q3.9_4 Isolated reuse (reanalysing your data to answer a new question)

Survey Q3.9_4 n Pct
2021 Extremely comfortable 2083 0.464
2021 Somewhat comfortable 1227 0.273
2021 Neutral 779 0.173
2021 Somewhat uncomfortable 207 0.046
2021 Extremely uncomfortable 99 0.022
2021 I don’t know 96 0.021

Q3.9_5 Combination reuse (reanalysing your data in combination with other data sets to answer a new question)

Survey Q3.9_5 n Pct
2021 Extremely comfortable 2194 0.489
2021 Somewhat comfortable 1258 0.280
2021 Neutral 710 0.158
2021 Somewhat uncomfortable 144 0.032
2021 I don’t know 100 0.022
2021 Extremely uncomfortable 85 0.019

Q3.10 What problems/concerns, if any, do you have with sharing datasets? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q3.10 n Pct
2018 Contain sensitive information 416 0.097
2019 Contain sensitive information 1274 0.072
2020 Contain sensitive information 1535 0.095
2021 Contain sensitive information 1366 0.080
2018 Lack of time to deposit data 300 0.070
2019 Lack of time to deposit data 1389 0.078
2020 Lack of time to deposit data 984 0.061
2021 Lack of time to deposit data 942 0.055
2018 Costs of sharing data 274 0.064
2019 Costs of sharing data 1497 0.084
2020 Costs of sharing data 1192 0.074
2021 Costs of sharing data 1147 0.067
2018 Unsure about copyright licensing 508 0.118
2019 Unsure about copyright licensing 1858 0.105
2020 Unsure about copyright licensing 1479 0.092
2021 Unsure about copyright licensing 1585 0.093
2018 Data are too large to share 191 0.044
2019 Data are too large to share 674 0.038
2020 Data are too large to share 571 0.035
2021 Data are too large to share 630 0.037
2018 Not know what repository to use 333 0.077
2019 Not know what repository to use 1124 0.063
2020 Not know what repository to use 861 0.053
2021 Not know what repository to use 713 0.042
2018 Unsure I have the permission to share 458 0.106
2019 Unsure I have the permission to share 1454 0.082
2020 Unsure I have the permission to share 1291 0.080
2021 Unsure I have the permission to share 1110 0.065
2018 Data are too small or unimportant 245 0.057
2019 Data are too small or unimportant 626 0.035
2020 Data are too small or unimportant 513 0.032
2021 Data are too small or unimportant 550 0.032
2018 Organising data in a presentable and useful way 456 0.106
2019 Organising data in a presentable and useful way 1434 0.081
2020 Organising data in a presentable and usable way 1137 0.070
2021 Organising data in a presentable and usable way 1150 0.067
2018 Concerns about misuse of data 518 0.120
2019 Concerns about misuse of data 2082 0.117
2020 Concerns about misuse of data 1881 0.117
2021 Concerns about misuse of data 1920 0.113
2018 Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement 478 0.111
2019 Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement 1834 0.103
2020 Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement 1531 0.095
2021 Not receiving appropriate credit or acknowledgement 1739 0.102
2019 Another lab may make a different interpretation of my data 678 0.038
2020 Another lab may make a different interpretation of my data 694 0.043
2021 Another lab may make a different interpretation of my data 581 0.034
2021 Another lab may ‘scoop’ me to a discovery 918 0.054
2020 I’m not sure I’ve exhausted all the potential findings yet 881 0.055
2021 I’m not sure I’ve exhausted all the potential findings yet 971 0.057
2019 Others may find errors in my data 416 0.023
2020 Others may find errors in my data 386 0.024
2021 Others may find errors in my data 387 0.023
2019 Others may not be able to repeat my findings 409 0.023
2020 Others may not be able to repeat my findings 379 0.023
2021 Others may not be able to repeat my findings 402 0.024
2018 Other (please specify) 100 0.023
2019 Other (please specify) 224 0.013
2020 Other (please specify) 131 0.008
2021 Other (please specify) 151 0.009
2019 I have no desire to share my data 145 0.008
2020 I have no desire to share my data 97 0.006
2021 I have no desire to share my data 177 0.010
2018 I have no desire to share my data 28 0.007
2019 I have no problems/concerns about sharing data 661 0.037
2020 I have no problems/concerns about sharing data 589 0.037
2021 I have no problems/concerns about sharing data 600 0.035

Q3.11 Have you ever been involved in a collaboration as a result of data you have previously shared?

Survey Q3.11 n Pct
2021 No 2318 0.571
2021 Yes 1420 0.350
2021 I don’t know 318 0.078

Q52 Have you ever been ‘scooped’ (i.e. have another lab publish an result similar to your own before you do) as a result of data you have previously shared?

Survey Q52 n Pct
2021 No 2577 0.635
2021 I don’t know 787 0.194
2021 Yes 692 0.171

Q3.12 What areas, if any, do you feel you need help with in regard to making your research data openly available? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q3.12 n Pct
2019 Finding the time to manage my data 1985 0.115
2020 Finding the time to manage my data 2072 0.133
2021 Finding the time to manage my data 1863 0.132
2018 Data Management Plans 445 0.126
2019 Data Management Plans 1704 0.099
2020 Data Management Plans 1921 0.124
2021 Data Management Plans 1609 0.114
2016 Copyright/Licensing of data 1799 1.000
2017 Copyright/Licensing of data 3212 1.000
2018 Copyright/Licensing of data 1446 0.411
2019 Copyright/Licensing of data 5700 0.331
2020 Copyright/Licensing of data 4945 0.318
2021 Copyright/Licensing of data 4491 0.317
2018 Data management policies 471 0.134
2019 Data management policies 2362 0.137
2020 Data management policies 2165 0.139
2021 Data management policies 1932 0.136
2018 Curation of data 473 0.134
2019 Curation of data 2083 0.121
2020 Curation of data 1757 0.113
2021 Curation of data 1601 0.113
2018 Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data 518 0.147
2019 Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data 2616 0.152
2020 Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data 2147 0.138
2021 Finding appropriate repositories for deposition of data 2076 0.147
2018 Other (please specify) 48 0.014
2019 Other (please specify) 212 0.012
2020 Other (please specify) 122 0.008
2021 Other (please specify) 151 0.011
2018 None of the above 118 0.034
2019 None of the above 563 0.033
2020 None of the above 423 0.027
2021 None of the above 436 0.031

Q3.13 Would you like more guidance on how to comply with the policies of any of the below on making your research data openly available? (Please select all that apply)

Q3.13 n Pct
Funder 1838 0.217
Institution 2583 0.304
Department or faculty 1569 0.185
Government 1488 0.175
None of the above 1008 0.119

Data reuse practices

Q4.1 About your usage of other data sources, Since January 2020, have you reused any of the below as part of your research?: (Please select all that apply)
[Note: by ‘reuse’ we mean undertaking new analysis of a pre-existing data set, either on its own or to add to another data set, to answer a different research question to that which the collection of data was originally intended]

Survey Q4.1 n Pct
2020 Your own data 2868 0.450
2021 Your own data 2265 0.418
2016 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 1016 1.000
2017 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 1393 1.000
2018 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 641 1.000
2019 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 2686 1.000
2020 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 2161 0.339
2021 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups 1555 0.287
2020 Neither of the above 1338 0.210
2021 Neither of the above 1605 0.296

Q4.2 To what extent has the COVID-19 pandemic affected your reuse of data? Q4.2_1 Your own data (1)

Survey Q4.2_1 n Pct
2021 My reuse of data has not changed since the onset of the pandemic 1365 0.606
2021 I have reused it somewhat more since the onset of the pandemic 370 0.164
2021 I have reused it a lot more since the onset of the pandemic 314 0.139
2021 I have reused it somewhat less since the onset of the pandemic 107 0.047
2021 I have reused it a lot less since the onset of the pandemic 97 0.043

Q4.2_2 Openly accessible data shared by other research groups (2)

Survey Q4.2_2 n Pct
2021 My reuse of data has not changed since the onset of the pandemic 849 0.554
2021 I have reused it somewhat more since the onset of the pandemic 286 0.187
2021 I have reused it a lot more since the onset of the pandemic 244 0.159
2021 I have reused it somewhat less since the onset of the pandemic 85 0.055
2021 I have reused it a lot less since the onset of the pandemic 69 0.045

Q4.3 How do you think the data shared by others has or could benefit you? (Please select all that apply)

Survey Q4.3 n Pct
2017 Fosters collaboration 1305 0.195
2018 Fosters collaboration 731 0.210
2019 Fosters collaboration 3035 0.209
2020 Fosters collaboration 2813 0.222
2021 Fosters collaboration 2578 0.236
2017 Validates own findings 1766 0.264
2018 Validates own findings 907 0.261
2019 Validates own findings 3972 0.273
2020 Validates own findings 3333 0.263
2021 Validates own findings 2871 0.262
2017 Complement existing data collected 1676 0.250
2018 Complement existing data collected 881 0.254
2019 Complement existing data collected 3511 0.241
2020 Complement existing data collected 3084 0.244
2021 Complement existing data collected 2599 0.238
2017 Avoids duplication of effort 1716 0.256
2018 Avoids duplication of effort 847 0.244
2019 Avoids duplication of effort 3487 0.240
2020 Avoids duplication of effort 3008 0.238
2021 Avoids duplication of effort 2436 0.223
2017 Other (please specify) 162 0.024
2018 Other (please specify) 78 0.022
2019 Other (please specify) 240 0.016
2020 Other (please specify) 204 0.016
2021 Other (please specify) 160 0.015
2017 It has not or would not benefit me 72 0.011
2018 It has not or would not benefit me 30 0.009
2019 It has not or would not benefit me 307 0.021
2020 It has not or would not benefit me 220 0.017
2021 It has not or would not benefit me 295 0.027

Q4.4 Where have you previously obtained research data which has been collected by other research groups, for your own reuse? (Please select all that apply)

Q4.4 n Pct
Directly from the researcher who collected the data (e.g. via email) 569 0.174
Downloaded directly from a data repository 925 0.283
Data were available within a published research article 817 0.250
Data were linked from a published data article 740 0.227
Data were available from a blog post 151 0.046
Other (please specify) 63 0.019

Q4.5 What was your aim in using previously generated data? (Please select all that apply)

Q4.5 n Pct
Replication studies (use of the data as a reference to determine whether they can be repeated under similar conditions) 708 0.128
Reanalysis (analysing the data set using a different method to test the same research question) 1138 0.206
Reinterpretation (using the data as is to answer another question) 1186 0.215
Isolated reuse (reanalysing the data to answer a new question) 965 0.175
Combination reuse (reanalysing the data in combination with other data sets to answer a new question) 1397 0.253
Other (please specify) 131 0.024

Q4.6 How would you rate the importance of each of the following with reference to determining the quality of an openly accessible data set? Extremely important (1) Somewhat important (2) Moderately important (3) Slightly important (4) Not at all important (5) I don’t know (6)

Q4.6_1 The data are available from a publicly available repository (1)

Survey Q4.6_1 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 2294 0.527
2021 Somewhat important 1279 0.294
2021 Moderately important 514 0.118
2021 Slightly important 151 0.035
2021 Not at all important 111 0.026

Q4.6_2 The data are new (e.g. released within the last year) (2)

Survey Q4.6_2 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1310 0.302
2021 Somewhat important 1273 0.293
2021 Moderately important 884 0.204
2021 Not at all important 540 0.124
2021 Slightly important 331 0.076

Q4.6_3 The data can be viewed, downloaded and edited on an application I have available (3)

Survey Q4.6_3 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1923 0.446
2021 Somewhat important 1327 0.308
2021 Moderately important 662 0.154
2021 Slightly important 215 0.050
2021 Not at all important 183 0.042

Q4.6_4 The data come from a known source (e.g. familiar institution or academic) (4)

Survey Q4.6_4 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 2096 0.479
2021 Somewhat important 1283 0.293
2021 Moderately important 659 0.150
2021 Slightly important 216 0.049
2021 Not at all important 125 0.029

Q4.6_5 The data are in a repository that I know checks/curates the data (5)

Survey Q4.6_5 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1887 0.438
2021 Somewhat important 1365 0.317
2021 Moderately important 713 0.165
2021 Slightly important 199 0.046
2021 Not at all important 145 0.034

Q4.6_6 The data are associated with a peer review article (6)

Survey Q4.6_6 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1905 0.437
2021 Somewhat important 1306 0.299
2021 Moderately important 715 0.164
2021 Slightly important 240 0.055
2021 Not at all important 195 0.045

Q4.6_7 Data visualizations (e.g. figures, charts) reflect the true state of the source data (7)

Survey Q4.6_7 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1774 0.413
2021 Somewhat important 1280 0.298
2021 Moderately important 713 0.166
2021 Slightly important 292 0.068
2021 Not at all important 232 0.054

Q4.6_8 Data is consistent with previously published findings (8)

Survey Q4.6_8 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1423 0.331
2021 Somewhat important 1239 0.288
2021 Moderately important 870 0.202
2021 Not at all important 437 0.102
2021 Slightly important 334 0.078

Q4.6_9 Data are presented in a clear and understandable way (data layout, content and format etc.) (9)

Survey Q4.6_9 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 2521 0.575
2021 Somewhat important 1223 0.279
2021 Moderately important 441 0.101
2021 Slightly important 139 0.032
2021 Not at all important 58 0.013

Q4.6_10 The data set is complete for my needs (10)

Survey Q4.6_10 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 1797 0.414
2021 Somewhat important 1385 0.319
2021 Moderately important 774 0.178
2021 Slightly important 232 0.053
2021 Not at all important 149 0.034

Q4.6_11 Data have clear descriptions, classifications and coding (i.e. data are accompanied with sufficient context) (11)

Survey Q4.6_11 n Pct
2021 Extremely important 2675 0.611
2021 Somewhat important 1107 0.253
2021 Moderately important 441 0.101
2021 Slightly important 99 0.023
2021 Not at all important 57 0.013

Q4.6_12 The data have been highly used, i.e. they have high usage metrics (e.g. citations, downloads, views etc.) (12)

Survey Q4.6_12 n Pct
2021 Moderately important 1041 0.241
2021 Somewhat important 1040 0.241
2021 Extremely important 1036 0.240
2021 Not at all important 704 0.163
2021 Slightly important 503 0.116

Q4.7 To what extent do you agree/disagree with the following statements?: Strongly agree (1) Somewhat agree (2) Neutral (3) Somewhat disagree (4) Strongly disagree (5)
Q4.7_1 Data that are ‘easy’ to find and access improves my perception of its quality (1)

Survey Q4.7_1 n Pct
2021 Somewhat agree 1571 0.350
2021 Strongly agree 1497 0.333
2021 Neutral 1064 0.237
2021 Somewhat disagree 235 0.052
2021 Strongly disagree 124 0.028

Q4.7_2 Shared data add to the credibility of a research article (2)

Survey Q4.7_2 n Pct
2021 Strongly agree 2047 0.456
2021 Somewhat agree 1522 0.339
2021 Neutral 719 0.160
2021 Somewhat disagree 120 0.027
2021 Strongly disagree 83 0.018

Q4.8 We would now like to ask you to think about the last occasion on which you tried to get access to a data set produced by another research group. Please answer the following questions with this experience in mind. Were you able to get access to the data set?

Survey Q4.8 n Pct
2021 Yes, part of the data set 687 0.442
2021 Yes, the complete data set 622 0.400
2021 No, I was unable to access the data set 246 0.158

Q4.9 How did you gain access to the data set?

Survey Q4.9 n Pct
2021 A published research article 375 0.286
2021 Direct from the research group/authors 299 0.228
2021 Web-search 271 0.207
2021 A published data article 195 0.149
2021 Through a third-party 89 0.068
2021 Other (please specify) 65 0.050
2021 Blog 15 0.011

Q4.10 What was included in the data set?

Q4.10 n Pct
Data file outputs 702 0.236
Metadata about the data 599 0.201
A README file 393 0.132
Code 227 0.076
Software requirements 211 0.071
License under which the data could be used 371 0.125
Additional annotations of the data file 363 0.122
None of the above 110 0.037

Q4.11 Were you able to reuse the dataset for your intended purpose?

Survey Q4.11 n Pct
2021 Yes 1201 0.917
2021 No 108 0.083

Q4.12 Why were you unable to reuse the dataset for your intended purpose?

Q4.12 n Pct
I could not validate the quality of the data 22 0.138
The data were not suitable for my intended use 45 0.283
Technical issues (e.g. could not get access to necessary software) 33 0.208
It was not annotated sufficiently for understanding 32 0.201
The license didn’t permit reuse/could not get reuse permission 14 0.088
Other (please specify) 13 0.082

Credit and recognition for data sharing

Q5.1 Do you think researchers currently get sufficient credit for sharing data?

Survey Q5.1 n Pct
2019 No, they receive too little credit 3818 0.670
2020 No, they receive too little credit 2935 0.594
2021 No, they receive too little credit 2512 0.755
2020 I don’t know 1104 0.223
2019 I don’t know 993 0.174
2018 No 753 0.580
2019 Yes 640 0.112
2020 Yes 633 0.128
2021 Yes 605 0.182
2018 Not sure 427 0.329
2020 No, they receive too much credit 273 0.055
2019 No, they receive too much credit 249 0.044
2021 No, they receive too much credit 208 0.063
2018 Yes 119 0.092

Q5.2 What circumstances would motivate you to share your data?

Survey Q5.2 n Pct
2017 Getting proper credit for sharing data 776 0.101
2018 Getting proper credit for sharing data 621 0.115
2019 Getting proper credit for sharing data 3091 0.118
2020 Full data citation 3348 0.105
2021 Full data citation 2189 0.086
2021 Citation of my research papers 2751 0.109
2020 Co-authorship on papers 2957 0.093
2021 Co-authorship on papers 1928 0.076
2020 Financial reward 1522 0.048
2021 Financial reward 828 0.033
2021 Open data badge 641 0.025
2020 Consideration in job reviews and funding applications 1913 0.060
2021 Consideration in job reviews and funding applications 1073 0.042
2017 Funder requirement 689 0.090
2018 Funder requirement 453 0.084
2019 Funder requirement 2693 0.102
2020 Funder requirement 2524 0.079
2021 Funder requirement 1653 0.065
2017 Journal or Publisher requirement 913 0.119
2018 Journal or Publisher requirement 599 0.111
2019 Journal or Publisher requirement 2931 0.111
2020 Journal or Publisher requirement 2915 0.091
2021 Journal or Publisher requirement 2111 0.083
2017 Institution or Organisation requirement 695 0.091
2018 Institution or Organisation requirement 522 0.097
2019 Institution or Organisation requirement 2527 0.096
2020 Institution or Organisation requirement 2222 0.070
2021 Institution or Organisation requirement 1670 0.066
2017 Public benefit 1199 0.157
2018 Public benefit 802 0.148
2019 Public benefit 3431 0.130
2020 Public benefit 2947 0.092
2021 Public benefit 2056 0.081
2017 Increased impact and visibility of my research 1272 0.166
2018 Increased impact and visibility of my research 841 0.156
2019 Increased impact and visibility of my research 3565 0.136
2020 Increased impact and visibility of my research 3126 0.098
2021 Increased impact and visibility of my research 2406 0.095
2017 Transparency and re-use 880 0.115
2018 Transparency and re-use 652 0.121
2019 Transparency and re-use 2743 0.104
2020 Transparency and re-use 2616 0.082
2021 Transparency and re-use 1932 0.076
2017 Freedom of information request 514 0.067
2018 Freedom of information request 352 0.065
2019 Freedom of information request 1750 0.067
2020 Freedom of information request 1577 0.049
2021 Freedom of information request 975 0.039
2020 Direct request from another research 1830 0.057
2021 Direct request from another research 1270 0.050
2017 It was made simple and easy to do 569 0.074
2018 It was made simple and easy to do 485 0.090
2019 It was made simple and easy to do 2055 0.078
2020 It was made simple and easy to do 1357 0.043
2021 It was made simple and easy to do 1048 0.041
2019 It was a field/industry expectation 1240 0.047
2020 It was a field/industry expectation 884 0.028
2021 It was a field/industry expectation 601 0.024
2017 Other (please specify) 107 0.014
2018 Other (please specify) 63 0.012
2019 Other (please specify) 188 0.007
2020 Other (please specify) 111 0.003
2021 Other (please specify) 119 0.005
2017 I would never share my data 47 0.006
2018 I would never share my data 17 0.003
2019 I would never share my data 84 0.003
2020 I would never share my data 58 0.002
2021 I would never share my data 60 0.002

Q5.3 Which one of the circumstances would motivate you the most to share your data?

Survey Q5.3 n Pct
2019 Increased impact and visibility of my research 1110 0.195
2019 Public benefit 1035 0.182
2020 Co-authorship on papers 1023 0.209
2021 Citation of my research papers 870 0.194
2020 Full data citation 853 0.175
2019 Getting proper credit for sharing data 671 0.118
2021 Co-authorship on papers 647 0.144
2020 Public benefit 634 0.130
2020 Increased impact and visibility of my research 618 0.126
2019 Journal or Publisher requirement 529 0.093
2021 Increased impact and visibility of my research 504 0.112
2021 Public benefit 487 0.108
2021 Full data citation 446 0.099
2019 Transparency and re-use 427 0.075
2019 Funder requirement 422 0.074
2019 Trust the person requesting the data 410 0.072
2017 Increased impact and visibility of my research 385 0.239
2017 Public benefit 344 0.213
2019 It was made simple and easy to do 324 0.057
2019 Institution or Organisation requirement 307 0.054
2020 Journal or Publisher requirement 303 0.062
2018 Increased impact and visibility of my research 266 0.230
2020 Transparency and re-use 258 0.053
2020 Financial reward 257 0.053
2021 Transparency and re-use 250 0.056
2021 Journal or Publisher requirement 248 0.055
2018 Public benefit 238 0.205
2020 Funder requirement 230 0.047
2020 Consideration in job reviews and funding applications 193 0.039
2019 Freedom of information request 185 0.032
2021 Funder requirement 178 0.040
2017 Transparency and re-use 170 0.105
2020 Institution or Organisation requirement 160 0.033
2021 Financial reward 141 0.031
2018 Transparency and re-use 136 0.117
2017 Journal or Publisher requirement 134 0.083
2021 Direct request from another research 133 0.030
2017 Getting proper credit for sharing data 123 0.076
2018 Journal or Publisher requirement 118 0.102
2019 It was a field/industry expectation 117 0.021
2017 Funder requirement 115 0.071
2021 Consideration in job reviews and funding applications 114 0.025
2017 Trust the person requesting my data 113 0.070
2020 Direct request from another research 106 0.022
2021 Institution or Organisation requirement 104 0.023
2021 It was made simple and easy to do 99 0.022
2020 It was made simple and easy to do 97 0.020
2018 Getting proper credit for sharing data 94 0.081
2019 I would never share my data 84 0.015
2017 It was made simple and easy to do 83 0.051
2019 Other (please specify) 79 0.014
2021 Other (please specify) 79 0.018
2018 Trust the person requesting my data 76 0.066
2017 Institution or Organisation requirement 70 0.043
2018 Funder requirement 69 0.060
2020 Freedom of information request 63 0.013
2021 Freedom of information request 62 0.014
2020 Other (please specify) 60 0.012
2021 I would never share my data 60 0.013
2018 It was made simple and easy to do 57 0.049
2018 Institution or Organisation requirement 55 0.047
2017 Freedom of information request 45 0.028
2021 It was a field/industry expectation 36 0.008
2021 Open data badge 33 0.007
2020 It was a field/industry expectation 32 0.007
2017 Other (please specify) 30 0.019
2018 Freedom of information request 28 0.024
2018 Other (please specify) 22 0.019

Q5.4 If the reuse of your data in a subsequent paper resulted in you being credited as a co-author, how much would this motivate you to make your data openly available to others?

Survey Q5.4 n Pct
2019 A great deal 2086 0.366
2020 A great deal 1820 0.368
2019 A lot 1730 0.304
2021 A great deal 1701 0.379
2020 A lot 1513 0.306
2021 A lot 1316 0.293
2019 A moderate amount 1036 0.182
2020 A moderate amount 1027 0.208
2021 A moderate amount 894 0.199
2017 Quite a lot 881 0.330
2016 Quite a lot 621 0.367
2017 Neutral 590 0.221
2017 Very much 587 0.220
2016 Very much 542 0.320
2018 Quite a lot 466 0.359
2019 None at all 443 0.078
2017 Somewhat 418 0.157
2019 A little 405 0.071
2018 Very much 317 0.244
2016 Neutral 309 0.183
2021 None at all 298 0.066
2020 None at all 297 0.060
2020 A little 288 0.058
2021 A little 282 0.063
2018 Neutral 234 0.180
2018 Somewhat 204 0.157
2017 Not at all 192 0.072
2016 Somewhat 139 0.082
2016 Not at all 82 0.048
2018 Not at all 78 0.060

Q5.5 Have you ever received credit/acknowledgement for sharing data?

Survey Q5.5 n Pct
2019 No 3388 0.594
2020 No 2726 0.551
2020 Yes 1444 0.292
2019 Yes 1222 0.214
2019 I don’t know 1090 0.191
2020 I don’t know 775 0.157
2021 No 281 0.646
2021 I don’t know 98 0.225
2021 Yes 56 0.129

Q5.6 What recognition have you received for sharing your research data?

Survey Q5.6 n Pct
2019 Full citation in another article 815 0.111
2020 Full citation in another article 1661 0.154
2021 Full citation in another article 1744 0.172
2019 Co-authorship on a paper which used my data 429 0.059
2020 Co-authorship on a paper which used my data 1290 0.120
2021 Co-authorship on a paper which used my data 1142 0.113
2019 Financial reward 73 0.010
2020 Financial reward 228 0.021
2021 Financial reward 301 0.030
2019 Consideration of actions in a job review 97 0.013
2020 Consideration of actions in a job review 381 0.035
2021 Consideration of actions in a job review 307 0.030
2016 Consideration of actions in a grant application 1799 1.000
2017 Consideration of actions in a grant application 3212 1.000
2018 Consideration of actions in a grant application 1446 1.000
2019 Consideration of actions in a grant application 5700 0.779
2020 Consideration of actions in a grant application 4945 0.459
2021 Consideration of actions in a grant application 4491 0.443
2021 Open data badge 155 0.015
2019 Other (please specify) 175 0.024
2020 Other (please specify) 440 0.041
2021 Other (please specify) 339 0.033
2019 I don’t know 31 0.004
2020 I don’t know 1834 0.170
2021 I don’t know 1660 0.164

Q5.7 How supportive would you be of a national mandate for making research data openly available?

Survey Q5.7 n Pct
2019 Strongly support 2748 0.482
2020 Strongly support 2178 0.440
2021 Strongly support 1852 0.412
2019 Somewhat support 1713 0.301
2020 Somewhat support 1527 0.309
2021 Somewhat support 1427 0.318
2016 Strongly support 929 0.516
2020 Neutral 849 0.172
2021 Neutral 822 0.183
2017 Neutral 766 0.318
2017 Strongly support 709 0.294
2019 Neutral 661 0.116
2017 Somewhat support 616 0.255
2016 Somewhat support 470 0.261
2018 Strongly support 376 0.314
2018 Somewhat support 371 0.310
2019 Somewhat oppose 370 0.065
2018 Neutral 304 0.254
2016 Neutral 257 0.143
2020 Somewhat oppose 257 0.052
2021 Somewhat oppose 219 0.049
2019 Strongly oppose 208 0.036
2017 Somewhat oppose 193 0.080
2021 Strongly oppose 171 0.038
2020 Strongly oppose 134 0.027
2017 Strongly oppose 127 0.053
2016 Somewhat oppose 100 0.056
2018 Somewhat oppose 77 0.064
2018 Strongly oppose 68 0.057
2016 Strongly oppose 43 0.024

Q5.8 Should funders withhold funding from (or penalise in other ways) researchers who do not share their data if the funder has mandated that they do so at the grant application stage?

Survey Q5.8 n Pct
2019 Yes 3947 0.692
2020 Yes 2616 0.529
2021 Yes 2142 0.477
2020 I don’t know 1260 0.255
2021 I don’t know 1208 0.269
2021 No 1141 0.254
2020 No 1069 0.216
2019 No 950 0.167
2019 I don’t know 803 0.141

Q5.9 Should funders make the sharing of research data part of their requirements for awarding grants?

Survey Q5.9 n Pct
2019 Yes 3907 0.685
2020 Yes 2716 0.549
2021 Yes 2322 0.521
2019 No 1264 0.222
2020 I don’t know 1263 0.255
2021 No 1138 0.256
2021 I don’t know 994 0.223
2020 No 966 0.195
2019 I don’t know 529 0.093

Demographics

Q6.1 About you

Survey Q6.1 n Pct
2019 University 3572 0.627
2020 University 2911 0.589
2021 University 2638 0.589
2017 University 1453 0.625
2019 Research institution 801 0.141
2020 Research institution 742 0.150
2018 University 710 0.622
2021 Research institution 635 0.142
2020 Medical school 331 0.067
2019 Private company 323 0.057
2020 Hospital 318 0.064
2017 Research institution 316 0.136
2021 Medical school 305 0.068
2019 Medical school 286 0.050
2020 Private company 254 0.051
2019 Government/Local government 251 0.044
2021 Private company 248 0.055
2021 Other (please specify) 242 0.054
2019 Hospital 238 0.042
2019 Other (please specify) 229 0.040
2021 Hospital 228 0.051
2020 Other (please specify) 203 0.041
2020 Government/Local government 186 0.038
2021 Government/Local government 186 0.041
2018 Research institution 166 0.145
2017 Hospital 116 0.050
2017 Government/Local government 113 0.049
2017 Private company 113 0.049
2017 Other (please specify) 108 0.046
2017 Medical school 105 0.045
2018 Other (please specify) 74 0.065
2018 Private company 60 0.053
2018 Government/Local government 48 0.042
2018 Medical school 46 0.040
2018 Hospital 37 0.032

Q6.4 What is your current tenure status?

Survey Q6.4 n Pct
2019 Tenured 2462 0.437
2021 Tenured 1941 0.436
2020 Tenured 1336 0.461
2019 No tenure system at my institution/organisation 1304 0.231
2019 Not on tenure track 949 0.168
2021 No tenure system at my institution/organisation 910 0.204
2021 Not on tenure track 871 0.195
2020 Not on tenure track 575 0.199
2019 No tenure system for my faculty status 516 0.092
2020 No tenure system at my institution/organisation 443 0.153
2021 No tenure system for my faculty status 403 0.090
2019 On tenure track but not tenured 402 0.071
2021 On tenure track but not tenured 331 0.074
2020 No tenure system for my faculty status 286 0.099
2020 On tenure track but not tenured 256 0.088

Q6.5 Which country are you located in?

Survey Q6.5 n Pct
2019 United States 886 0.159
2021 United States 644 0.147
2020 India 576 0.120
2020 United States 573 0.120
2021 India 502 0.115
2017 United States 478 0.196
2019 India 445 0.080
2016 United States 342 0.239
2020 Japan 293 0.061
2019 Germany 275 0.049
2021 Japan 268 0.061
2021 Germany 250 0.057
2019 United Kingdom 239 0.043
2019 Italy 238 0.043
2020 China (Mainland) 228 0.048
2018 United States 222 0.189
2020 Germany 222 0.046
2020 Italy 204 0.043
2021 United Kingdom 197 0.045
2021 Italy 191 0.044
2017 India 190 0.078
2019 Canada 186 0.033
2019 China 181 0.032
2020 Brazil 175 0.037
2019 Brazil 173 0.031
2020 United Kingdom 164 0.034
2019 Spain 155 0.028
2016 United Kingdom 141 0.099
2019 Australia 127 0.023
2017 Brazil 125 0.051
2017 China 125 0.051
2021 China (Mainland) 121 0.028
2019 Russia 115 0.021
2021 Brazil 115 0.026
2017 Australia 113 0.046
2020 Canada 112 0.023
2019 Iran 105 0.019
2020 Russia 105 0.022
2020 Nigeria 102 0.021
2017 United Kingdom 100 0.041
2019 France 100 0.018
2019 Japan 100 0.018
2019 Egypt 99 0.018
2021 Australia 97 0.022
2020 Spain 96 0.020
2021 Spain 96 0.022
2016 India 92 0.064
2019 Netherlands 92 0.016
2019 Mexico 91 0.016
2018 India 90 0.077
2021 Canada 90 0.021
2017 Canada 85 0.035
2019 Pakistan 85 0.015
2019 Nigeria 84 0.015
2019 Turkey 83 0.015
2016 Germany 82 0.057
2017 Spain 81 0.033
2020 Australia 80 0.017
2018 United Kingdom 78 0.066
2019 Portugal 76 0.014
2020 Mexico 76 0.016
2019 Sweden 73 0.013
2020 Netherlands 73 0.015
2021 Nigeria 71 0.016
2017 Germany 70 0.029
2019 Poland 69 0.012
2020 Indonesia 69 0.014
2021 Mexico 66 0.015
2020 Egypt 65 0.014
2020 Turkey 65 0.014
2021 Poland 65 0.015
2020 Ethiopia 62 0.013
2020 Pakistan 62 0.013
2017 Iran 61 0.025
2017 Mexico 61 0.025
2019 Israel 61 0.011
2019 Switzerland 61 0.011
2016 Italy 60 0.042
2017 Russia 60 0.025
2021 Turkey 60 0.014
2018 Germany 59 0.050
2021 Pakistan 59 0.013
2021 France 57 0.013
2020 France 55 0.011
2021 Russia 55 0.013
2019 Ethiopia 54 0.010
2020 Romania 54 0.011
2019 Austria 53 0.009
2021 Portugal 53 0.012
2016 Canada 52 0.036
2020 Poland 52 0.011
2021 Greece 52 0.012
2021 South Africa 52 0.012
2016 Brazil 51 0.036
2020 Argentina 51 0.011
2019 South Korea 50 0.009
2020 Portugal 50 0.010
2018 Italy 49 0.042
2019 Greece 48 0.009
2018 Spain 46 0.039
2020 Malaysia 46 0.010
2016 China 45 0.031
2020 Greece 45 0.009
2020 Switzerland 44 0.009
2018 Brazil 43 0.037
2021 Ethiopia 43 0.010
2021 Malaysia 43 0.010
2016 Spain 42 0.029
2019 Malaysia 42 0.008
2019 Romania 42 0.008
2021 Egypt 42 0.010
2021 Netherlands 42 0.010
2016 Japan 41 0.029
2019 Argentina 41 0.007
2019 South Africa 41 0.007
2018 Canada 40 0.034
2020 South Africa 40 0.008
2019 Norway 39 0.007
2021 Switzerland 39 0.009
2016 Australia 38 0.027
2017 Argentina 38 0.016
2020 Sweden 38 0.008
2021 Romania 38 0.009
2018 Australia 37 0.031
2016 France 36 0.025
2019 Colombia 36 0.006
2019 Denmark 36 0.006
2019 Indonesia 36 0.006
2020 Norway 36 0.008
2019 Belgium 35 0.006
2021 Sweden 35 0.008
2019 Czech Republic 34 0.006
2020 Austria 34 0.007
2021 Argentina 34 0.008
2021 Indonesia 34 0.008
2017 Italy 33 0.014
2017 South Korea 33 0.014
2019 Hungary 33 0.006
2020 Iran 33 0.007
2017 Japan 32 0.013
2021 Austria 32 0.007
2017 Malaysia 31 0.013
2017 Netherlands 31 0.013
2017 Israel 30 0.012
2019 Iraq 30 0.005
2019 Ukraine 30 0.005
2020 Colombia 30 0.006
2020 Taiwan 30 0.006
2019 Chile 29 0.005
2021 Czech Republic 29 0.007
2021 Korea South) 29 0.007
2021 Norway 29 0.007
2017 Turkey 28 0.011
2018 China 28 0.024
2018 Mexico 28 0.024
2021 Iran 28 0.006
2017 Portugal 27 0.011
2019 Croatia 27 0.005
2019 Saudi Arabia 27 0.005
2019 Serbia 27 0.005
2020 Chile 27 0.006
2017 Greece 26 0.011
2019 Finland 26 0.005
2019 New Zealand 26 0.005
2019 Thailand 26 0.005
2020 Saudi Arabia 26 0.005
2021 New Zealand 26 0.006
2017 Nigeria 25 0.010
2020 Belgium 25 0.005
2021 Denmark 25 0.006
2021 Taiwan 25 0.006
2017 South Africa 24 0.010
2020 Bangladesh 24 0.005
2016 Netherlands 23 0.016
2016 Switzerland 23 0.016
2019 Bangladesh 23 0.004
2021 Belgium 23 0.005
2021 Colombia 23 0.005
2021 Israel 23 0.005
2017 Sweden 22 0.009
2018 Sweden 22 0.019
2019 Taiwan 22 0.004
2020 Ireland 22 0.005
2020 Israel 22 0.005
2020 Ukraine 22 0.005
2021 Croatia 22 0.005
2017 Taiwan 21 0.009
2018 France 21 0.018
2018 Iran 21 0.018
2021 Bangladesh 21 0.005
2021 Ukraine 21 0.005
2017 Egypt 20 0.008
2020 Hungary 20 0.004
2020 Korea South) 20 0.004
2018 Japan 19 0.016
2019 Algeria 19 0.003
2020 Nepal 19 0.004
2020 Peru 19 0.004
2020 Serbia 19 0.004
2016 Portugal 18 0.013
2016 Sweden 18 0.013
2017 Ethiopia 18 0.007
2017 France 18 0.007
2017 New Zealand 18 0.007
2017 Pakistan 18 0.007
2018 Netherlands 18 0.015
2019 Ireland 18 0.003
2020 Czech Republic 18 0.004
2020 Iraq 18 0.004
2021 Chile 18 0.004
2021 Ireland 18 0.004
2016 Mexico 17 0.012
2016 South Korea 17 0.012
2018 Portugal 17 0.014
2018 Turkey 17 0.014
2020 Thailand 17 0.004
2021 Ghana 17 0.004
2021 Philippines 17 0.004
2016 Iran 16 0.011
2017 Bangladesh 16 0.007
2017 Finland 16 0.007
2018 Austria 16 0.014
2019 Bulgaria 16 0.003
2019 Slovenia 16 0.003
2020 Algeria 16 0.003
2020 Croatia 16 0.003
2021 Hong Kong 16 0.004
2021 Vietnam 16 0.004
2018 New Zealand 15 0.013
2019 Jordan 15 0.003
2019 Peru 15 0.003
2019 Philippines 15 0.003
2020 Ghana 15 0.003
2020 Kenya 15 0.003
2020 Philippines 15 0.003
2020 Singapore 15 0.003
2021 Bulgaria 15 0.003
2021 Hungary 15 0.003
2021 Iraq 15 0.003
2021 Peru 15 0.003
2021 Saudi Arabia 15 0.003
2016 Greece 14 0.010
2017 Singapore 14 0.006
2017 Thailand 14 0.006
2020 Ecuador 14 0.003
2020 New Zealand 14 0.003
2021 Sri Lanka 14 0.003
2016 Belgium 13 0.009
2016 Poland 13 0.009
2017 Belgium 13 0.005
2017 Philippines 13 0.005
2017 Poland 13 0.005
2018 South Africa 13 0.011
2019 Ecuador 13 0.002
2019 Ghana 13 0.002
2019 Kenya 13 0.002
2020 Sri Lanka 13 0.003
2020 United Arab Emirates 13 0.003
2021 Nepal 13 0.003
2021 Singapore 13 0.003
2016 New Zealand 12 0.008
2016 Norway 12 0.008
2017 Colombia 12 0.005
2017 Indonesia 12 0.005
2017 Romania 12 0.005
2018 Argentina 12 0.010
2018 Greece 12 0.010
2018 Romania 12 0.010
2018 Switzerland 12 0.010
2019 Venezuela 12 0.002
2020 Denmark 12 0.003
2021 Kenya 12 0.003
2021 Serbia 12 0.003
2016 Russia 11 0.008
2017 Denmark 11 0.005
2017 Ukraine 11 0.005
2018 Nigeria 11 0.009
2018 Russia 11 0.009
2019 Estonia 11 0.002
2019 Uruguay 11 0.002
2019 Vietnam 11 0.002
2020 Finland 11 0.002
2020 Morocco 11 0.002
2021 Ecuador 11 0.003
2021 Slovakia 11 0.003
2021 Thailand 11 0.003
2021 United Arab Emirates 11 0.003
2016 Denmark 10 0.007
2017 Morocco 10 0.004
2017 Norway 10 0.004
2018 Thailand 10 0.009
2019 Tunisia 10 0.002
2019 United Arab Emirates 10 0.002
2020 Slovenia 10 0.002
2021 Morocco 10 0.002
2021 Tanzania 10 0.002
2016 Ireland 9 0.006
2016 Israel 9 0.006
2016 Pakistan 9 0.006
2016 Turkey 9 0.006
2017 Switzerland 9 0.004
2018 Pakistan 9 0.008
2018 Ukraine 9 0.008
2019 Albania 9 0.002
2019 Cameroon 9 0.002
2019 Morocco 9 0.002
2019 Palestine 9 0.002
2019 Singapore 9 0.002
2019 Slovakia 9 0.002
2019 Sri Lanka 9 0.002
2020 Bulgaria 9 0.002
2020 Uganda 9 0.002
2020 Zambia 9 0.002
2021 Estonia 9 0.002
2021 Finland 9 0.002
2021 Slovenia 9 0.002
2021 Tunisia 9 0.002
2016 Czech Republic 8 0.006
2017 Algeria 8 0.003
2017 Austria 8 0.003
2017 Chile 8 0.003
2018 Colombia 8 0.007
2018 Egypt 8 0.007
2018 Slovenia 8 0.007
2019 Belarus 8 0.001
2019 Costa Rica 8 0.001
2019 Nepal 8 0.001
2019 Sudan 8 0.001
2020 Cameroon 8 0.002
2020 Hong Kong 8 0.002
2020 Venezuela 8 0.002
2020 Vietnam 8 0.002
2021 Lebanon 8 0.002
2016 Argentina 7 0.005
2016 Singapore 7 0.005
2016 South Africa 7 0.005
2016 Taiwan 7 0.005
2017 Bulgaria 7 0.003
2017 Croatia 7 0.003
2017 Czech Republic 7 0.003
2017 Kenya 7 0.003
2017 Nepal 7 0.003
2017 Sri Lanka 7 0.003
2017 Tunisia 7 0.003
2018 Indonesia 7 0.006
2018 Poland 7 0.006
2019 Lithuania 7 0.001
2019 Macedonia 7 0.001
2019 Uganda 7 0.001
2020 Costa Rica 7 0.001
2020 Jordan 7 0.001
2020 Slovakia 7 0.001
2020 Tunisia 7 0.001
2021 Cameroon 7 0.002
2021 Uganda 7 0.002
2016 Austria 6 0.004
2016 Colombia 6 0.004
2017 Hong Kong 6 0.002
2017 Ireland 6 0.002
2017 Jordan 6 0.002
2017 Peru 6 0.002
2017 Saudi Arabia 6 0.002
2017 Venezuela 6 0.002
2018 Israel 6 0.005
2018 South Korea 6 0.005
2019 Hong Kong 6 0.001
2020 Puerto Rico 6 0.001
2020 Sudan 6 0.001
2020 Uzbekistan 6 0.001
2021 Algeria 6 0.001
2021 North Macedonia 6 0.001
2016 Malaysia 5 0.003
2016 Romania 5 0.003
2016 Saudi Arabia 5 0.003
2017 Cameroon 5 0.002
2017 Serbia 5 0.002
2017 Slovakia 5 0.002
2017 Uganda 5 0.002
2018 Algeria 5 0.004
2018 Belgium 5 0.004
2018 Denmark 5 0.004
2018 Jordan 5 0.004
2018 Malaysia 5 0.004
2019 Cyprus 5 0.001
2019 Lebanon 5 0.001
2019 Luxembourg 5 0.001
2020 Albania 5 0.001
2020 Estonia 5 0.001
2020 Kazakhstan 5 0.001
2020 Tanzania 5 0.001
2021 Oman 5 0.001
2021 Uzbekistan 5 0.001
2016 Indonesia 4 0.003
2016 Nigeria 4 0.003
2016 Peru 4 0.003
2017 Hungary 4 0.002
2017 Tanzania 4 0.002
2017 Vietnam 4 0.002
2018 Bangladesh 4 0.003
2018 Czech Republic 4 0.003
2018 Iraq 4 0.003
2018 Singapore 4 0.003
2018 United Arab Emirates 4 0.003
2018 Venezuela 4 0.003
2019 Armenia 4 0.001
2019 Burma 4 0.001
2019 Georgia 4 0.001
2019 Kazakhstan 4 0.001
2019 Libya 4 0.001
2019 Oman 4 0.001
2019 Tanzania 4 0.001
2019 Vatican City 4 0.001
2019 Yemen 4 0.001
2020 Belarus 4 0.001
2020 Kuwait 4 0.001
2020 Latvia 4 0.001
2020 Lebanon 4 0.001
2020 Lithuania 4 0.001
2020 Trinidad and Tobago 4 0.001
2021 Albania 4 0.001
2021 Bosnia and Herzegovina 4 0.001
2021 Lithuania 4 0.001
2021 Macao 4 0.001
2021 Myanmar 4 0.001
2021 Venezuela 4 0.001
2016 Bulgaria 3 0.002
2016 Chile 3 0.002
2016 Croatia 3 0.002
2016 Finland 3 0.002
2016 Kenya 3 0.002
2016 Slovakia 3 0.002
2016 Uruguay 3 0.002
2016 Venezuela 3 0.002
2016 Vietnam 3 0.002
2017 Cuba 3 0.001
2017 Iraq 3 0.001
2017 Qatar 3 0.001
2017 Zambia 3 0.001
2018 Costa Rica 3 0.003
2018 Hungary 3 0.003
2018 Ireland 3 0.003
2018 Lithuania 3 0.003
2018 Saudi Arabia 3 0.003
2018 Taiwan 3 0.003
2019 Afghanistan 3 0.001
2019 Latvia 3 0.001
2019 Lesotho 3 0.001
2019 Zambia 3 0.001
2019 Zimbabwe 3 0.001
2020 Guatemala 3 0.001
2020 Kyrgyzstan 3 0.001
2020 Luxembourg 3 0.001
2020 Mauritius 3 0.001
2020 Montenegro 3 0.001
2020 North Macedonia 3 0.001
2020 Panama 3 0.001
2020 Papua New Guinea 3 0.001
2020 Qatar 3 0.001
2020 Rwanda 3 0.001
2020 Uruguay 3 0.001
2020 Yemen 3 0.001
2021 Afghanistan 3 0.001
2021 Armenia 3 0.001
2021 Cambodia 3 0.001
2021 Iceland 3 0.001
2021 Kazakhstan 3 0.001
2021 Kyrgyzstan 3 0.001
2021 Latvia 3 0.001
2021 Luxembourg 3 0.001
2021 Malta 3 0.001
2021 Rwanda 3 0.001
2021 Sudan 3 0.001
2021 Yemen 3 0.001
2021 Zambia 3 0.001
2016 Andorra 2 0.001
2016 Bangladesh 2 0.001
2016 Costa Rica 2 0.001
2016 Egypt 2 0.001
2016 El Salvador 2 0.001
2016 Hungary 2 0.001
2016 Iraq 2 0.001
2016 Jordan 2 0.001
2016 Lebanon 2 0.001
2016 Lithuania 2 0.001
2016 Qatar 2 0.001
2016 Thailand 2 0.001
2016 Ukraine 2 0.001
2016 United Arab Emirates 2 0.001
2017 Albania 2 0.001
2017 Armenia 2 0.001
2017 Belarus 2 0.001
2017 Bermuda 2 0.001
2017 Bolivia 2 0.001
2017 Burma 2 0.001
2017 Cambodia 2 0.001
2017 Costa Rica 2 0.001
2017 Cyprus 2 0.001
2017 Ecuador 2 0.001
2017 Estonia 2 0.001
2017 Ghana 2 0.001
2017 Lebanon 2 0.001
2017 Namibia 2 0.001
2017 Panama 2 0.001
2017 Syria 2 0.001
2017 Trinidad and Tobago 2 0.001
2017 United Arab Emirates 2 0.001
2018 Bulgaria 2 0.002
2018 Cameroon 2 0.002
2018 Ethiopia 2 0.002
2018 Finland 2 0.002
2018 Latvia 2 0.002
2018 Malawi 2 0.002
2018 Morocco 2 0.002
2018 Nicaragua 2 0.002
2018 Norway 2 0.002
2018 Slovakia 2 0.002
2018 Trinidad and Tobago 2 0.002
2018 Uruguay 2 0.002
2019 Andorra 2 0.000
2019 Antigua and Barbuda 2 0.000
2019 Bolivia 2 0.000
2019 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 0.000
2019 Burkina Faso 2 0.000
2019 Cambodia 2 0.000
2019 Cote d’Ivoire 2 0.000
2019 Guatemala 2 0.000
2019 Iceland 2 0.000
2019 Jamaica 2 0.000
2019 Kuwait 2 0.000
2019 Malawi 2 0.000
2019 Mali 2 0.000
2019 Mauritius 2 0.000
2019 Moldova 2 0.000
2019 Mongolia 2 0.000
2019 Qatar 2 0.000
2019 Syria 2 0.000
2019 United States Virgin Islands 2 0.000
2020 Afghanistan 2 0.000
2020 Antarctica 2 0.000
2020 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 0.000
2020 Cambodia 2 0.000
2020 Fiji 2 0.000
2020 Gabon 2 0.000
2020 Georgia 2 0.000
2020 Iceland 2 0.000
2020 Ivory Coast 2 0.000
2020 Macao 2 0.000
2020 Mali 2 0.000
2020 Malta 2 0.000
2020 Moldova 2 0.000
2020 Mongolia 2 0.000
2020 Oman 2 0.000
2020 Palestinian territories 2 0.000
2020 Senegal 2 0.000
2020 Sierra Leone 2 0.000
2020 Zimbabwe 2 0.000
2021 Bahrain 2 0.000
2021 Belarus 2 0.000
2021 Bolivia 2 0.000
2021 Brunei 2 0.000
2021 Costa Rica 2 0.000
2021 Cuba 2 0.000
2021 Cyprus 2 0.000
2021 Guadeloupe 2 0.000
2021 Jordan 2 0.000
2021 Malawi 2 0.000
2021 Mauritius 2 0.000
2021 Palestinian territories 2 0.000
2021 Qatar 2 0.000
2021 Trinidad and Tobago 2 0.000
2021 Uruguay 2 0.000
2021 Zimbabwe 2 0.000
2016 Albania 1 0.001
2016 Algeria 1 0.001
2016 Anguilla 1 0.001
2016 Belarus 1 0.001
2016 Cameroon 1 0.001
2016 Ecuador 1 0.001
2016 Estonia 1 0.001
2016 Falkland Islands 1 0.001
2016 Ghana 1 0.001
2016 Guatemala 1 0.001
2016 Guyana 1 0.001
2016 Hong Kong 1 0.001
2016 Iceland 1 0.001
2016 Kazakhstan 1 0.001
2016 Latvia 1 0.001
2016 Moldova 1 0.001
2016 Nepal 1 0.001
2016 Nicaragua 1 0.001
2016 Paraguay 1 0.001
2016 Serbia 1 0.001
2016 Slovenia 1 0.001
2016 Sri Lanka 1 0.001
2016 Tunisia 1 0.001
2016 Vanuatu 1 0.001
2017 Andorra 1 0.000
2017 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 0.000
2017 Botswana 1 0.000
2017 Burkina Faso 1 0.000
2017 Cape Verde 1 0.000
2017 Chad 1 0.000
2017 Congo, Democratic Republic of 1 0.000
2017 Guadeloupe 1 0.000
2017 Iceland 1 0.000
2017 Jamaica 1 0.000
2017 Lesotho 1 0.000
2017 Lithuania 1 0.000
2017 Malawi 1 0.000
2017 Mali 1 0.000
2017 Malta 1 0.000
2017 Martinique 1 0.000
2017 Navassa Island 1 0.000
2017 Oman 1 0.000
2017 Papua New Guinea 1 0.000
2017 Saint Lucia 1 0.000
2017 Samoa 1 0.000
2017 Slovenia 1 0.000
2017 Swaziland 1 0.000
2017 Turks and Caicos Islands 1 0.000
2017 Uruguay 1 0.000
2017 Uzbekistan 1 0.000
2017 Zimbabwe 1 0.000
2018 Albania 1 0.001
2018 Andorra 1 0.001
2018 Anguilla 1 0.001
2018 Bahrain 1 0.001
2018 Benin 1 0.001
2018 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 0.001
2018 Burma 1 0.001
2018 Chile 1 0.001
2018 Congo, Republic of 1 0.001
2018 Croatia 1 0.001
2018 Cyprus 1 0.001
2018 Ecuador 1 0.001
2018 Estonia 1 0.001
2018 French Polynesia 1 0.001
2018 Georgia 1 0.001
2018 Ghana 1 0.001
2018 Haiti 1 0.001
2018 Hong Kong 1 0.001
2018 Kazakhstan 1 0.001
2018 Kenya 1 0.001
2018 Kuwait 1 0.001
2018 Lebanon 1 0.001
2018 Libya 1 0.001
2018 Mali 1 0.001
2018 Malta 1 0.001
2018 Mauritius 1 0.001
2018 New Caledonia 1 0.001
2018 Peru 1 0.001
2018 Philippines 1 0.001
2018 Qatar 1 0.001
2018 Serbia 1 0.001
2018 Sri Lanka 1 0.001
2018 Sudan 1 0.001
2018 Syria 1 0.001
2018 Tanzania 1 0.001
2018 Vatican City 1 0.001
2018 Vietnam 1 0.001
2018 Yemen 1 0.001
2019 Azerbaijan 1 0.000
2019 Bahrain 1 0.000
2019 Barbados 1 0.000
2019 Belize 1 0.000
2019 Benin 1 0.000
2019 Brunei 1 0.000
2019 Burundi 1 0.000
2019 Congo, Democratic Republic of 1 0.000
2019 Cuba 1 0.000
2019 Dominican Republic 1 0.000
2019 El Salvador 1 0.000
2019 Falkland Islands 1 0.000
2019 Guam/Saipan 1 0.000
2019 Honduras 1 0.000
2019 Kyrgyzstan 1 0.000
2019 Laos 1 0.000
2019 Liberia 1 0.000
2019 Montenegro 1 0.000
2019 Mozambique 1 0.000
2019 Niue 1 0.000
2019 Panama 1 0.000
2019 Paraguay 1 0.000
2019 Rwanda 1 0.000
2019 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 0.000
2019 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 0.000
2019 Senegal 1 0.000
2019 Somalia 1 0.000
2019 Tajikistan 1 0.000
2019 Trinidad and Tobago 1 0.000
2019 Uzbekistan 1 0.000
2019 Wallis Futuna 1 0.000
2020 Azerbaijan 1 0.000
2020 Benin 1 0.000
2020 Botswana 1 0.000
2020 Cape Verde 1 0.000
2020 Central African Republic 1 0.000
2020 Congo ( Republic) 1 0.000
2020 Cuba 1 0.000
2020 Djibouti 1 0.000
2020 Eswatini 1 0.000
2020 Guinea 1 0.000
2020 Lesotho 1 0.000
2020 Malawi 1 0.000
2020 Maldives 1 0.000
2020 Myanmar 1 0.000
2020 Nicaragua 1 0.000
2020 Northern Mariana Islands 1 0.000
2020 South Sudan 1 0.000
2020 Syria 1 0.000
2021 Ã…land Islands 1 0.000
2021 Andorra 1 0.000
2021 Antigua and Barbuda 1 0.000
2021 Azerbaijan 1 0.000
2021 Bermuda 1 0.000
2021 Botswana 1 0.000
2021 Cape Verde 1 0.000
2021 Gambia 1 0.000
2021 Guam 1 0.000
2021 Guatemala 1 0.000
2021 Guinea 1 0.000
2021 Guyana 1 0.000
2021 Haiti 1 0.000
2021 Ivory Coast 1 0.000
2021 Jamaica 1 0.000
2021 Kosovo 1 0.000
2021 Lesotho 1 0.000
2021 Madagascar 1 0.000
2021 Montenegro 1 0.000
2021 Mozambique 1 0.000
2021 Nicaragua 1 0.000
2021 Northern Mariana Islands 1 0.000
2021 Paraguay 1 0.000
2021 Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 0.000
2021 Suriname 1 0.000

Q6.5_1 Which continent are you located in?

Survey Q6.5_1 n Pct
2019 Europe 2175 0.391
2020 Asia (including Middle East) 1591 0.332
2020 Europe 1582 0.331
2021 Europe 1562 0.357
2021 Asia (including Middle East) 1332 0.305
2019 Asia (including Middle East) 1311 0.236
2019 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 1082 0.195
2021 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 743 0.170
2020 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 696 0.145
2017 Europe 682 0.280
2017 Asia (including Middle East) 634 0.260
2016 Europe 589 0.412
2017 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 573 0.235
2018 Europe 461 0.393
2019 South America 437 0.079
2020 South America 415 0.087
2020 Africa 396 0.083
2016 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 395 0.276
2019 Africa 395 0.071
2021 Africa 310 0.071
2021 South America 297 0.068
2016 Asia (including Middle East) 270 0.189
2018 North America (including Central America and the Carribean) 266 0.227
2017 South America 265 0.109
2018 Asia (including Middle East) 236 0.201
2019 Australasia 156 0.028
2017 Africa 151 0.062
2017 Australasia 134 0.055
2021 Australasia 128 0.029
2018 South America 105 0.090
2016 South America 103 0.072
2020 Australasia 103 0.022
2018 Australasia 54 0.046
2016 Australasia 52 0.036
2018 Africa 51 0.043
2016 Africa 20 0.014
2020 Antarctica 2 0.000